1 Samuel 4:1

Authorized King James Version

And the word of Samuel came to all Israel. Now Israel went out against the Philistines to battle, and pitched beside Eben-ezer: and the Philistines pitched in Aphek.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיְהִ֥י
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#2
דְבַר
And the word
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
#3
שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל
of Samuel
shemuel, the name of three israelites
#4
לְכָל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#5
יִשְׂרָאֵל֩
Now Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#6
וַיֵּצֵ֣א
went out
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
#7
יִשְׂרָאֵל֩
Now Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#8
לִקְרַ֨את
against
an encountering, accidental, friendly or hostile (also adverbially, opposite)
#9
וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים
and the Philistines
a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth
#10
לַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה
to battle
a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)
#11
חָנ֥וּ
and pitched
properly, to incline; by implication, to decline (of the slanting rays of evening); specifically, to pitch a tent; generally to encamp (for abode or s
#12
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#13
הָאֶ֣בֶן
H0
#14
הָעֵ֔זֶר
H72
beside Ebenezer
eben-ha-ezer, a place in palestine
#15
וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים
and the Philistines
a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth
#16
חָנ֥וּ
and pitched
properly, to incline; by implication, to decline (of the slanting rays of evening); specifically, to pitch a tent; generally to encamp (for abode or s
#17
בַֽאֲפֵֽק׃
in Aphek
aphek (or aphik), the name of three places in palestine

Analysis

Within the broader context of 1 Samuel, this passage highlights salvation through universal language and absolute statements. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by introducing key themes that will be developed throughout 1 Samuel.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of 1 Samuel Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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